The Ten Pieces Of Knowledge - 1080 Words

Ten pieces of knowledge I deem valuable. I chose very few specific historical facts, but instead tried to keep general since I believe that having a proper framework for analyzing history is much more important than merely giving facts 1) Culture, language, and religion never static. For example, 2,000 years ago the English were tribal pagans living in Northern Germany and the English they spoke would be gibberish to a modern English speaker. 2) There is no one version of history. It is important when studying history to keep a critical eye out for potential biases. 3) There is much more in history that we do not know than what we do. Unfortunately, most people who have ever lived were illiterate so there is a vast amount of information lost in time. Furthermore, even during times when literacy was more common, due to historical biases, embellishment, and propaganda it is often very difficult to discern the truth. 4) History is connected. People like to categorize history into eras and regions, but this is too simplistic. People born in the early renaissance would have had no idea that they were living in a different historical era than their grandparents. 5) History is not written by the winners. History is written by those who can write and whose writings have been preserved. 6) Ancient Greece was not a single state. I hear many people confuse speak as if ancient Greece was a single political entity. I believe that since ancient Greece is so important people shouldShow MoreRelatedShakespeare Is a Fraud1232 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare did just that from 1564 – 1616. People have questioning how Shakespeare achieved writing such great pieces of literature, when the behind the scenes story does not add up. There are no records to prove he wrote anything and there is proof someone else did what he took credit for. 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Xmgt 216 Business Ethics Across Cultures Free Essays

Abstract The following paragraphs will discuss business ethics from different cultural backgrounds. The focus of the backgrounds will be from the Mexican and Chinese aspect of proper business ethics. The articles, Double Standards: Mexico Business and Business Ethics in China are the two articles I will summarize to the reader. We will write a custom essay sample on Xmgt 216 Business Ethics Across Cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will discuss the primary ethical perspectives of each country covered in the articles, as well as how the articles contributed to a better understanding of global ethical perspectives. Lastly, I will describe the business ethics of each foreign country. The two articles, Double Standards: Mexico Business and Business Ethics in China, brought an insight into ethics practiced in foreign countries, specifically the countries of China and Mexico. The United States of America has its own regulations and traditions that may, and have, conflicted, in an organizational setting, with the cultures and thoughts of their foreign partners. These â€Å"differences† in cultural beliefs or standards are evident in both articles, but the evidence that Globalization is an increasing desire for organizations is apparent as well. One article displays that in order to have success within a foreign country than we should allow natives of that country dictate the business ethical guidelines within that foreign office or division while the other article shows that a country is visibly being hypocritical of their own accepted guidelines and policies by saying one thing and doing the other. A different continent is not the only differences that Mexico and China are sharing. Both articles suggest accepting or understanding that certain business practices or ethics in these two countries as different but not necessary illegal. It also suggest that the entire core of an organization must stand firm on certain practices and not have to adjust for profitable business in a country as well. Though differences are evident amongst other countries’’ beliefs and traditions, each country does what it feels will be morally, legally, and profitably positive for their own situation. Business Ethics in China Chinese business ethics and practices center, predominantly, on certain traditions and customs that are possibly considered unethical in the United States. There have been some students of China that argue and state the Chinese account for their displays of obvious favoritism in business affairs to their traditions, more specifically to Confucius, who focuses on responsibility to family and that taking precedent over even laws (Schulman, 2012). There have been others that counter-argue that Chinese tradition itself saw favoring the family as the root of corruption and instead advocated laws that protect everyone equally, more specifically said by Mozi, who tried to replace the Confucian focus on the clan with a more universal caring (Schulman, 2012). The book, 18 Rules of International Business Ethics, published by Beijing: Renmin University Press in 2004 uses Chinese experiences for case studies and examples and supporting translation of classic business ethic text to Chinese towards developmental steps towards globalization success in foreign environments. Rule 1 in 18 Rules of International Business Ethics states if you strive to understand the values of different cultures, you will find common points (Schulman, 2012). This simply states that working towards learning and understanding one another is always a positive solution. The author of 18 Rules of International Business Ethics suggest against bringing in Western experts output and allowing the Chinese to develop their own codes so that their management and other employees may relate to it. Thus, Chinese traditions justify what may seemingly be considered unethical codes or decision-making by the United States of America. Business Ethics in Mexico Mexicans business ethics, as presented in the article Double Standards: Mexico Business, are considered hypocritical and ethically inappropriate from an American’s perspective. The article, Double Standards: Mexico Business, states business logic is chiefly concerned with profit maximization, which can place ethics within the overall logic of self-interest (Adler, 2006). Discrimination is presumably illegal in Mexico, yet hiring process displays discrimination throughout the country. Employment want ads in Mexico regularly show favoritism of an organization’s desirable employee by hiring discrimination towards certain ages, physical looks, and gender. The individuals and organizations responsible for these discriminatory ads constantly deny their preferences as discriminatory intentions. A younger employee is desired because it is thought customers would interact better with a younger employee (Adler, 2006). These types of thought processes, and obvious use of hypocritical, discriminating actions used in the hiring process are ethical issues that can conflict with Americans’ ethical outlook. It is a well-known, acceptable practice in Mexico to give pregnancy test to newly hired female employees justified because of the mandatory paid leave of absence (Adler, 2006). It seems Mexican business ethics tend to follow the idea of just staying legal as ethical enough. It is hard for American organizations to adopt these sorts of ethical practices when operating in Mexico’s territory. General Motors put an end to the pregnancy testing policies desiring a constant ethical standing throughout the whole organization. Mexico’s ethical business and practices leaves a lot to question from the United States of America’s standpoint. Ethical Perspectives and Understanding Global Ethical Perspectives The primary ethical perspectives that China and Mexico have, though different from our own beliefs, have helped the United States of America’s organizations towards effective globalization ventures. The article, Business Ethics in China, has shown favoritism towards family is considered following Confucius traditions and sayings. The article, Double Standards: Mexico Business, shows clear evidence towards discriminating practices and procedures, but with self-proclaiming of â€Å"justifiable† reasoning for preference when hiring employees. Understanding cultural differences is an absolute key in globalization. It has shown success for an organization to ensure cross-cultural training and to step back and allow native leadership and managers to set business ethics codes. By accepting business ethics that are customary of that particular foreign country, an organization allows managers and employees to better relate to the codes. Should an organization adopt the practice in some countries because it is merely legal? Could adopting the practice of a foreign country cause an inconsistency of ethics within the organization as a whole? Thus, an organization maintaining consistent ethical standards creates the opportunity for success but understanding and adapting will help an organization in a foreign workplace. Comparing Business Ethics of Foreign Nations to the United States of America Mexico and China share different business ethics codes and practices than the United States of America. For the situation of Mexico performing pregnancy test before hiring a woman, an organization native to the United States of America would view this as unethical, even if it’s considered legal in Mexico. China shows favoritism towards family in organizational situations. This would be considered highly unethical in the United States of America. The United States of America has a set of business ethic codes that regulate against discrimination and bribery. American organizations understand the law and must follow the rules. It could be said that a country’s ethical views and practices are what make that country what they are. Differences aren’t always a bad thing but it can cause possible conflict in a business ethics situation. Countries should work together to learn about each other’s primary business ethics and try to adapt and compromise towards a similar set of ethical codes. Conclusion The articles, Double Standards: Mexico Business and Business Ethics in China, show that there is a lot to gain in understanding foreign ethics and adapting towards foreign ideas can increase the success of globalization. There is an obvious difference in how business is conducted in China and Mexico when compared to the United States of America but that is not necessarily bad. Organizations shouldn’t accept a policy that could question the consistency of its ethical values and practices but should attempt to understand why a foreign country practices the ethics it does instead. Cross-culture training is beneficial to an organization’s employees and managers that may be working in a foreign environment. An organization should do everything within its limits to understand foreign culture and traditions and properly train its employees to practice proper business ethics and regulations. The business practices of organizations in the countries of China and Mexico can help organizations in the United States of America create better business ethics for their personal benefit within their native country. References 1. Schulman, M. (2012). Buisness ethics in china. Retrieved from http://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/business-china. ht How to cite Xmgt 216 Business Ethics Across Cultures, Essay examples

Free and Bound Morpheme free essay sample

There are some opinions about Derivation: Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of language. Basic Books, 1999 Morphology may be divided into derivation rules that form a new word out of old word, like duck feathers and unkissable and inflection rules that modify a word to fit its role in a sentence, what language teachers call conjugation and declension. David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005 Derivational morphology studies the principles governing the construction of new words, without reference to the specific grammatical role a word might play in a sentence. In the formation of drinkable from drink, or disinfect from infect, for example, we see the formation of new words, each with its own grammatical properties. From the definition of Derivation above, we can conclude that Derivation is the process of forming a new word by addition affix (prefix or suffix) to form a new word with a different meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Free and Bound Morpheme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 1. Definition of Derivation Derivational morphology changes the meaning of words by applying derivations, where derivation means the combination of a word stem with a morpheme, which forms a new word, which is often of a different class. For example, develop becomes development, developmental or redevelop. In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word, e. g. happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine. Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which uses another kind of affix in order to form grammatical variants of the same word, as with determine/determine-s/ determin -ing/ determin -ed. Generally speaking, inflection applies to all members of a part of speech (e. g. every English verb has a past-tense form), while derivation applies only to some members of a part of speech (e. g. , the nominalizing suffix -ity can be used with the adjectives modern and dense, but not with open or strong). From the definition of Derivation above, we can conclude that Derivation is the process of forming a new word by addition suffix (prefix or suffix) to form a new word with a different meaning. Example of Derivation: Noun| Threefold| Three root + Fold suffix| Verb| Enclose| En prefix + Close root| Adjective| Interchangeable| Inter prefix + Change root + Able suffix| Adverb| Retell| Re Prefix + Tell root| . Derivational patterns a. Derivational Suffix Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning: * adjectivedark: darkness * verbagree: agreement * nounfriend: friendship Examples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes: adjective-to-noun| -ness (slow slowness)| adjective-to-verb| -ise (modern modernise) -ize (archaic archaicize)| adjective-to-adjective| -ish (red reddish)| djective-to-adverb| -ly (personal personally)| noun- to-adjective| -al (recreation recreational)| noun-to-verb| -fy (glory glorify)| verb-to-adjective| -able (drink drinkable)| verb-to-noun (abstract)| -ance (deliver deliverance)| verb-to-noun (concrete)| -er (write writer)| b. Derivational Prefix Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning: For example: a. patient: outpatient b. group: subgroup c. trial: retrial d. write: re-write e. do: undo . Derivational Affix Although derivational affixes do not necessarily alter the syntactic category, they do change the meaning of the base. For example a. modern modernize b. white whiteness 3. Kinds of Derivation There are kinds of derivation: 1. Derivational Noun Derivational Noun is the Noun which results the process of forming a new word; they do change the meaning of the base. Free and Bound Morpheme free essay sample The Ingredients of language. Basic Books, 1999 Morphology may be divided into derivation rules that form a new word out of old word, like duck feathers and unkissable and inflection rules that modify a word to fit its role in a sentence, what language teachers call conjugation and declension. David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005 Derivational morphology studies the principles governing the construction of new words, without reference to the specific grammatical role a word might play in a sentence. In the formation of drinkable from drink, or disinfect from infect, for example, we see the formation of new words, each with its own grammatical properties. From the definition of Derivation above, we can conclude that Derivation is the process of forming a new word by addition affix (prefix or suffix) to form a new word with a different meaning. CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 1. Definition of Derivation Derivational morphology changes the meaning of words by applying derivations, where derivation means the combination of a word stem with a morpheme, which forms a new word, which is often of a different class. We will write a custom essay sample on Free and Bound Morpheme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, develop becomes development, developmental or redevelop. In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word, e. g. happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine. Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which uses another kind of affix in order to form grammatical variants of the same word, as with determine/determine-s/ determin -ing/ determin -ed. Generally speaking, inflection applies to all members of a part of speech (e. g. every English verb has a past-tense form), while derivation applies only to some members of a part of speech (e. g. , the nominalizing suffix -ity can be used with the adjectives modern and dense, but not with open or strong). From the definition of Derivation above, we can conclude that Derivation is the process of forming a new word by addition suffix (prefix or suffix) to form a new word with a different meaning. Example of Derivation: Noun| Threefold| Three root + Fold suffix| Verb| Enclose| En prefix + Close root| Adjective| Interchangeable| Inter prefix + Change root + Able suffix| Adverb| Retell| Re Prefix + Tell root| . Derivational patterns a. Derivational Suffix Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning: * adjectivedark: darkness * verbagree: agreement * nounfriend: friendship Examples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes: adjective-to-noun| -ness (slow slowness)| adjective-to-verb| -ise (modern modernise) -ize (archaic archaicize)| adjective-to-adjective| -ish (red reddish)| djective-to-adverb| -ly (personal personally)| noun-to-adjective| -al (recreation recreational)| noun-to-verb| -fy (glory glorify)| verb-to-adjective| -able (drink drinkable)| verb-to-noun (abstract)| -ance (deliver deliverance)| verb-to-nou n (concrete)| -er (write writer)| b. Derivational Prefix Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning: For example: a. patient: outpatient b. group: subgroup c. trial: retrial d. write: re-write e. do: undo . Derivational Affix Although derivational affixes do not necessarily alter the syntactic category, they do change the meaning of the base.